Hierakonpolis: Egypt’s Ancient City of the Hawk
Hierakonpolis, otherwise known as Nekhen or “City of the Hawk”, is an ancient city located in the south of Egypt, just 30km from Luxor. Situated on the west bank of the Nile, Hierakonpolis was the capital of Upper Egypt during the Pre-Dynastic period, and is widely considered to be the oldest city in the world. With a history spanning over 5,000 years, Hierakonpolis is one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt.
History and Archaeology of Hierakonpolis
Hierakonpolis was founded in around 3100BC and is believed to have been the residence of the pre-dynastic rulers of Upper Egypt. During the Middle Kingdom, Hierakonpolis was the administrative center of the region and continued to be an important city until the Roman period.
The city was discovered in 1859 by archaeologist John Garstang, who conducted the first systematic excavation of the site. Since then, many other archaeologists have uncovered numerous artifacts, including statues, jewelry, weapons, pottery and tools.
The most famous find at Hierakonpolis is the Narmer Palette, a ceremonial macehead decorated with scenes depicting the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. This artifact is considered to be one of the earliest historical records of Ancient Egypt.
What to See At Hierakonpolis
Hierakonpolis is home to many ancient monuments and temples, including the Temple of Horus and the Temple of Nekhbet. Also known as the Temple of the Falcon, the Temple of Horus is the oldest temple in Egypt and dates back to the Pre-dynastic period. The Temple of Nekhbet, meanwhile, was built during the Middle Kingdom and is dedicated to the vulture goddess Nekhbet.
Hierakonpolis also contains several archaeological sites, including the Main Administrative Building, the Tombs of the Chiefs and the Tomb of Ka-Iber. The Main Administrative Building is one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt and is believed to have served as the residence of the pre-dynastic rulers of Upper Egypt. The Tombs of the Chiefs and the Tomb of Ka-Iber, meanwhile, are two of the oldest tombs in Egypt and date back to the Pre-dynastic period.
Visiting Hierakonpolis
Hierakonpolis is located just 30km from Luxor and is easily accessible by car or bus. Visitors can also take a boat from Luxor to the site, which takes around two hours.
The best time to visit Hierakonpolis is during the cooler months, from October to April, when temperatures are milder. However, it is possible to visit the site at any time of year.
Hierakonpolis is open daily from 8am to 5pm and there is an admission fee. Entry to the site also includes access to the onsite museum, which houses many of the artifacts discovered at the archaeological sites.
Hierakonpolis is one of Egypt’s most important archaeological sites and is a must-see for anyone interested in the history and culture of Ancient Egypt. With its impressive temples and archaeological sites, Hierakonpolis is sure to be an unforgettable experience.