Kharkhorin: Exploring the Ancient Mongolian Capital
Kharkhorin, located in the Orkhon Valley in Mongolia, is a site of immense historical and cultural significance. For centuries, the city served as the capital of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and his successors. Today, Kharkhorin is a popular tourist destination, offering visitors the chance to explore the ruins of the old capital and learn more about the unique history and culture of Mongolia.
A Brief History of Kharkhorin
Kharkhorin, formerly known as Karakorum, was founded in 1220 by Genghis Khan. It served as the political and religious center of the Mongol Empire for more than two centuries. During this time, the city was a bustling metropolis, home to a diverse population of Mongols, Turks, Chinese, and Persians.
In 1260, the city was sacked by the invading Chinese army. Although the city was never rebuilt, it remained an important cultural and religious center for the Mongols. In the 16th century, the city was the site of the first ever Buddhist monastery established in Mongolia. The monastery, Erdene Zuu, still stands today and is a popular tourist attraction.
Exploring Kharkhorin
Today, Kharkhorin is a small town in the Orkhon Valley. The city is home to a handful of shops and restaurants, as well as a few guesthouses and hostels. However, the main attraction in Kharkhorin is the ruins of the ancient city.
The ruins of Karakorum are located just outside of the modern town. Visitors can explore the crumbling walls and towers of the old city, as well as the ruins of the nearby Erdene Zuu monastery. The monastery is home to several ancient Buddhist artifacts, including statues and manuscripts.
In addition to the ruins, visitors to Kharkhorin can visit several other attractions in the surrounding area. The nearby Orkhon Valley is home to ancient petroglyphs, which are carved into the rocks along the river. The valley also offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains and countryside.
Getting to Kharkhorin
Getting to Kharkhorin can be a bit of a challenge. The closest major city is Ulaanbaatar, which is located about 300 miles away. The most common way to get to Kharkhorin is by taking a bus from Ulaanbaatar. The journey takes about 10 hours and buses depart every day.
You can also take a train from Ulaanbaatar to Kharkhorin, although the journey takes much longer than the bus. The train ride takes around 15 hours and only runs a few times each week.
Alternatively, you can fly from Ulaanbaatar to Kharkhorin. The flight takes about 1.5 hours and there are several flights each day.
Where to Stay in Kharkhorin
Kharkhorin is a relatively small town, so there aren’t many places to stay. However, there are a few guesthouses and hostels in the area. The most popular option is the Orkhon Valley Guesthouse, which is located in the center of town and is close to the ruins of Karakorum. The guesthouse offers simple but comfortable rooms and a friendly atmosphere.
If you’re looking for something a bit more luxurious, you can stay at the nearby Kharkhorin Resort. This upscale resort is located in the countryside and offers guests a range of amenities, including a spa, restaurant, and outdoor pool Kharkhorin, nestled in Mongolia’s Orkhon Valley, is an ancient capital steeped in the rich history of the Mongol Empire. Founded by Genghis Khan in 1220, this revered site offers visitors a glimpse into its storied past through the crumbling ruins of Karakorum and the enduring legacy of the Erdene Zuu monastery. Accessible from Ulaanbaatar via a 10-hour bus ride, a 15-hour train journey, or a swift 1.5-hour flight, Kharkhorin beckons travelers with its modest accommodations like the Orkhon Valley Guesthouse and luxurious retreats such as the Kharkhorin Resort. Beyond its confines, the Orkhon Valley unfolds with ancient petroglyphs and panoramic vistas, inviting adventurers to delve into Mongolia’s captivating landscapes and unravel the mysteries of its cultural heritage.